石膏是天然层积矿物单斜晶系硫酸钙矿石。分生石和熟石膏两种。生石又名软石膏，其化学分子式为2(CaS04·2H20)，加热后成为熟石(Cas04)2·H20，又称硬石膏。在现代医学骨科，石膏主要用于骨折部位的固定。将熟石育粉均匀布撒于纱布绷带，即为石膏绷带。使用时只需浸入水中，就可按照需要做成各种形状。5-7分钟后硬化成形，1-2天后完全干固。

Gypsum is a natural layered mineral monoclinic calcium sulfate ore. There are two types: raw stone and gypsum. Raw stone, also known as soft gypsum, has a chemical molecular formula of 2 (CaS04 · 2H20). When heated, it becomes mature stone (Cas04) 2 · H20, also known as hard gypsum. In modern orthopedic medicine, plaster is mainly used for fixing fracture sites. Spread the cooked stone powder evenly on a gauze bandage, which is called a plaster bandage. When in use, simply immerse it in water and it can be made into various shapes as needed. After 5-7 minutes, it will harden and form, and after 1-2 days, it will completely dry and solidify.

石膏也可用来矫正各种原因引起的肢体成角畸形。操作时先在畸形部位做管型石膏。待其坚固后在成角部位楔形切开，或撑开口子嵌入坚硬的子，然后进行正;再将石膏重新固定起来，维持一段时间，即可达到治疗目的。根据需要固定的部位不同，骨科医生可用石膏绷带制成各式各样的坚硬的石膏「衣服」，如石膏围领、石膏背心、石膏裤等，甚至可以做成石膏床。

Gypsum can also be used to correct limb angular deformities caused by various reasons. During the operation, first apply a tube type plaster to the deformed area. After it becomes sturdy, wedge it open at the corner or insert a hard piece into the opening, and then proceed with straightening; Re fix the plaster and maintain it for a period of time to achieve the treatment goal. According to the different parts that need to be fixed, orthopedic surgeons can use plaster bandages to make various hard plaster "clothes", such as plaster collars, plaster vests, plaster pants, etc., and even make plaster beds.

在做皮瓣、皮管移植时，也需要用石膏来固定特殊的体位。如左腿因外伤缺少一大块皮肤，骨骼露在外面，有时须用右侧小腿上的皮肤来修补。此种修补方法类似藤类植物繁殖的「压条法」:将修补的皮肤(医学上称皮瓣)覆盖在左腿受伤后的创面上，另一端仍连在右腿上，维持血液供应，以防失去营养，发生坏死;等到修补皮肤与左小腿创面建立了新的血液循环，再切断与原来右小腿的血液营养联系(医学上称为「断蒂」)。

When performing skin flap or tube transplantation, it is also necessary to use plaster to fix special positions. If the left leg lacks a large piece of skin due to trauma and the bones are exposed, sometimes the skin on the right calf needs to be repaired. This repair method is similar to the "pressure strip method" used in the propagation of vine plants: the repaired skin (medically known as a skin flap) is covered on the wound of the injured left leg, with the other end still attached to the right leg to maintain blood supply and prevent loss of nutrition and necrosis; Wait until the repair of the skin and the establishment of a new blood circulation in the left calf wound, and then cut off the blood nutrition connection with the original right calf (medically known as "broken pedicle").

修补的皮肤建立新的血液循环需时1个月左右，这段时间内，两腿之间移植皮瓣形成短「桥」，不能随意活动，以免将没有生长好的皮瓣牵拉脱落或破坏血液供应。这就须将两下肢位置固定。此重任也是由石膏来担任的。

It takes about a month for the repaired skin to establish new blood circulation. During this period, a short "bridge" is formed by transplanting a skin flap between the legs, which cannot be moved freely to avoid pulling off the underdeveloped skin flap or damaging the blood supply. This requires fixing the position of both lower limbs. This important task is also undertaken by gypsum.

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